Hard Determinism Essay

John Hospers uses the rule of mutual usage, and Freuds Psychoanalytic theory of human behavior, to argue man is incapable of organism free. As a hard determinist, Hospers believes a truly free act cant be caused, and mans actions are all predetermined, because theyre caused by an external factor. He begins by using the rule of unwashed usage to show that freedom cant be defined through its characteristics, as attempting to stock us to use the hard determinist definition. He then uses psychoanalytical cases to support his argument, because they display individuals fashioning regretful decisions with appear external factors. The immediate cause is an inner psychological factor, also known as will. Freuds theory says this internal compulsion is mans unconscious mind, and control of all mans actions. This is explained by dividing the unconscious mind into three parts consisting of the id, the super ego, and the unconscious ego. earths feelings of appetency are the id and constantly want to be satisfied. His sense of right and wrong comes from the super ego, which rejects every proclivity the id has. The unconscious ego is the negotiator, and is responsible for reaching a compromise to keep the other two happy. Mans will choosing his actions is simply the unconscious reaching compromises. Briefly, all of mans actions are controlled by the unconscious mind. 1.All of mans actions are controlled by the unconscious mind. 2.The unconscious mind can be categorized as an external factor. 3.Therefore since man has no control over his actions, he is incapable of being free.Its common knowledge man is unable to control his unconscious, as its very definition is what man is incognizant of. In addition Hospers believes a souls behavior is determined by the influences of their early environment, at an age when they were unable to make responsible excerpts. Common man would agree during this infantile stage, a person has no control over what their environment consists of . As a result they have no choice of what experiences theyll have, and have no control on the development of their behavior. When comparing the unconscious mind to external factors, Hospers believes theyre the same. An external factor is understood to be any force compelling mans actions out of his control. Hospers has used Freuds theory to help explain that mans will, is a factor he has no control over, and can be categorized as an external force. Therefore sinceman has no control over his actions, he is incapable of being free.