Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829) :: Biographies Biography Lamarck Essays

Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829) Jean Baptiste Lamarck was one of the offshoot people to propose a possibility of evolution to the public. Although his ideas were not widely accepted they paved the way for others to do work in that field. Even sooner his work on evolution he did extensive work with invertebrates. His work on invertebrates inevitably led him to his theory of evolution. This theory was not accepted at his time and has since been proven wrong. The way he was raised and the institutions he attended gave him the opportunity to perform his work. BACKGROUND Jean Baptiste Lamarck was born in the village of Bazentin-le-Petit in northern France on August 1,1744. He was born into a armament family as the youngest of eleven children. Around 1756 Lamarck joined a Jesuit seminary at Amiens, besides left to join the French military after his fathers death in 1761. He remained in the army until illness forced him to leave in 1768. not too long after deviatio n the army Lamarck started to study medicine and plants. (Waggoner 2) Lamarck took many excursions with Jean-Jacques Rousseau which led him to an interest in plants rather than medicine. (Weber 49) Ten years ulterior he gained attention and notoriety from his criminal record Flore Francaise, about the plants of France. He had the help of well known botanist Buffon on this book, which helped with his credibility. From this book he was given the state of affairs of assistant botanist at the lofty botanical garden, the Jardin des Plantes. This position was not well paid and Lamarck was forced to live in poverty. (Clifford 1) But in 1793 the Jardin des Plantes was reorganized to become the bailiwick Museum of Natural History. This museum was run by twelve professors in twelve different scientific fields. Lamarck was appointed to the professorship of the graphic history of insects and worms. Lamarck later gave these organisms the term invertebrates. (Waggoner 1-2) pee-p ee WITH INVERTEBRATES Lamarck knew nothing about the subject of invertebrates at this time in his life. Not many scientists did know anything about invertebrates. both(prenominal) even included snakes and crocodiles in this classification. The separate invertebrate did not even exist at this time, Lamarck coined the phrase after he had done his research.Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829) Biographies Biography Lamarck EssaysJean Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829) Jean Baptiste Lamarck was one of the first people to propose a theory of evolution to the public. Although his ideas were not widely accepted they paved the way for others to do work in that field. Even before his work on evolution he did extensive work with invertebrates. His work on invertebrates inevitably led him to his theory of evolution. This theory was not accepted at his time and has since been proven wrong. The way he was raised and the institutions he attended gave him the opportunity to perfor m his work. BACKGROUND Jean Baptiste Lamarck was born in the village of Bazentin-le-Petit in northern France on August 1,1744. He was born into a military family as the youngest of eleven children. Around 1756 Lamarck joined a Jesuit seminary at Amiens, but left to join the French military after his fathers death in 1761. He remained in the army until illness forced him to leave in 1768. Not too long after leaving the army Lamarck started to study medicine and plants. (Waggoner 2) Lamarck took many excursions with Jean-Jacques Rousseau which led him to an interest in plants rather than medicine. (Weber 49) Ten years later he gained attention and notoriety from his book Flore Francaise, about the plants of France. He had the help of well known botanist Buffon on this book, which helped with his credibility. From this book he was given the position of assistant botanist at the royal botanical garden, the Jardin des Plantes. This position was not well paid and Lamarck was forced to live in poverty. (Clifford 1) But in 1793 the Jardin des Plantes was reorganized to become the National Museum of Natural History. This museum was run by twelve professors in twelve different scientific fields. Lamarck was appointed to the professorship of the natural history of insects and worms. Lamarck later gave these organisms the term invertebrates. (Waggoner 1-2) WORK WITH INVERTEBRATES Lamarck knew nothing about the subject of invertebrates at this time in his life. Not many scientists did know anything about invertebrates. Some even included snakes and crocodiles in this classification. The name invertebrate did not even exist at this time, Lamarck coined the phrase after he had done his research.

The Massachusetts Technology Sector Essay -- Journalism Journalistic E

The Massachusetts Technology SectorAfter working for more than five years as a software engineer at a Massachusetts-based digital-video editing company, Dave Lanzar decided it was time to take a chance and join the ranks of a start-up streaming media company that had however to go public.The future was rosy and we were all going to get rich, Lanzar said.But that future never materialized, and the company that was supposed to make Lanzar rich no seven-day exists. He was laid off in August 2001, one month before the terrorist attacks on Sept.11, 2001 accelerated an already progressing downturn in the job merchandise that hit the Massachusetts technology sector especially hard. Lanzar did not work as a programmer again for over two years. During that time he burnt through his entire savings and starting doing odd jobs like baby-sitting and lawn-work to survive. In October 2003 he secured a several-month-long contract job.After the contract ended in early 2004, it was six more months until Lanzar found a permanent job. Even though he is back to work, his extended, unpaid and unwanted vacation still haunts him.I definitely, sometimes feel my rustiness. Im having to work very hard to overcome that, Lanzar said.The Massachusetts high-tech industry has been the setting for thousands of similar stories since 2001. The Greater capital of Massachusetts Chamber of Commerce reported that, between 2001 and 2003, the Boston area alone lost 32,000 high-technology jobs -- a 22 percent loss. The Mass Software Council reported in the 2004-2005 edition of its yearly software industry research publication, The Complete Guide to the Massachusetts Software Industry, that the state lost 121 software companies and 3,859 software-related jobs in 2... ...the state give not invest too heavily in one specific technological growth area, such as stem-cell research, while ignoring the rest. We think if theres going to be an investment in technology, it should be more broad-based, said Bo ulanger. Boulanger also warns of possible dangers looming on the horizon that could impede growth. He points to proposed Massachusetts brook bill 2606 as a potential momentum killer. The bill aims to close corporate tax loopholes, and includes a measure to ensure that any software bought online would be subject to state tax. The bill claims this loophole is worth an estimated $50 million dollars in yearly revenue.Its definitely moving in the wrong direction, Boulanger said. The state presidency has the ability to make Massachusetts companies more competitive around the margins. And that is all we are really asking for.

The Dark and Twisted Joyce Carol Oates Revealed Essay -- Biography

Back GroundJoyce Carol Oates was a true change in American Literature. She associated many novels that revealed political stances along with physical and psychological pain. (1) Joyce grew up in a rough neighborhood in Detroit, Michigan. It was not uncommon for her to behold mistreatment, horror, and gang violence especially towards women. Detroit was a major political urban center were womens rights were being fought. (2) Physical brawls broke out all over the city due to the uprising of women who wanted the same rights as men. (2) This uprising was called the womens liberationist Rights Movement. Women were mistreated and held unequal to men, they were not even allowed to be apart of any work force or vote. (7) organizations for women started to emerge all of the united States. (4) Joyce took experiences that she undertook and witnessed first make and used them cleverly in her novels. (3) She accumulated her experiences in one of her most famous novels We Were the Mulva neys. (5) This novel refers to both physical and psychological pain among all the characters. Rape, death, abuse and how women were treated were all presented in this book. (5) Mrs. Mulvaney, the mother, al slipway tended to her husbands needs, even if she disagreed with them. Mrs. Mulvaney had no say in any of the matters that arose. She even sent away her own daughter for the break down of her husband. Joyces peculiar inspirations lead many to believe that she was looking for some sort of coping mechanism or some one who could relate to what she has experienced in her life. (1) Her inspirations included Edger Allen Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Williams Faulkner, and lastly Flannery OConner. These authors wrote about the dark emotional feelings that arose with death a... ...) Oates novels in the nineteen seventies explored many different complex cultures and elements of valet life and tragedy. She barrowed many of these idealistic views from Edger Allen Poe. These ideas referred back to death and love suicide which fell along the same lines of Poes. (2) Joyce had a very extensive impact on society. She verbalized her opinions and did not care what critics or anyone had to say about it. (2) She wanted to get her thoughts out there for the world to see and hopefully change their ways for the better. Joyce is broadly known in American literature for her controversial topics, but her most famous topic was the Feminist Rights Movement. She affected a good parcel of relationships between males and females with her writing. It is truly inspirational that someone could write novels, and change views in some societies.

Curriculum Unit: Stereotypical Images of African Americans in Televisio

Curriculum Unit Stereotypical Images of African Americans in Television and Movies* Narrative* Lesson Plan* Lesson Plan* Lesson Plan* Notes* Films* Television Shows* Childrens narration List* Teachers BibliographyAbstract This curriculum unit will provide elementary school teachers with a framework to begin to help their students understand and define a stereotype. Recognize common stereotypes and stereotypical themes in read and television and illustrate some damaging effects perpetuating stereotypes through behavior. Finally, how to constructively deal with others stereotyping them.To Guide first appearanceThe practice of racial stereotyping through the use of media has been used throughout contemporary history by assorted factions in American society to attain various goals. The practice is used most by the dominant culture in this society as a way of suppressing its minority population. The Republican parties use of the Willie Horton send off in the 1988 Presidential campaig n, is a small example of how majority groups have used racial stereotyping in the media as a justifiable means to an end. The phonograph recording Unthinking Eurocentrism by Stam and Shohat supports this notion when they write the functionality of stereotyping used in film demonstrates that they (stereotypes) argon not an error in perception but rather a form of social control intended as Alice Walker calls prisons of image.(1)The modern usage of the word stereotype was first introduced in 1922 by American journalist Walter Lippman in his book Public Opinion. The major thesis of this book is that in a modern democracy political leaders and ordinary citizens are infallible to make decisions about a variety of complicated matters that they do not understand. People believe that their conceptions of German soldiers, Belgian priests, or American Klu Klux Klansman for example are accurate representations of the real members of those classes . . . the conception in most cases is actual ly a stereotype acquired by the individual from some other source other than his look experience.(2)Historically the other source people developed racial stereotypes were from literature and then radio. In 1933 Sterling Brown the great black poet and critic, divided the fully range of black characters in American literature into seven categories the contented slave the wretched freemen t... ...A-TeamGood TimesLittle RascalsThats My Mammato top sideChildrens Reading ListBogle, Donald. Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies, and Bucks. New York Continum, 1989.Braley, Daniel and Daniel, Katz Racial Stereotypes of One Hundred College Students. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 1933.to topTeachers BibliographyBogle, Donald. Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies, and Bucks. New York Continuum, 1989This books reveals and gives a historic perspective on the various incarnations of black stereotypes in American cinema.Cripps, Thomas. Black Film as Genre. Bloomington Indiana University Press, 1978.This book attempts to explain what is a black film and critiques six examples of the genre.Henry Louis Gates, Jr., TVs Black World TurnsBut Stays Unreal, New York Times (November 12, 1989) 66-67.In this article Dr. Gates reveals how contempt the success of television shows such as The Cosby Show stereotyping of blacks on T.V. is still prevalent.Guerrero, Ed. Framing Blackness The African-American Image in Film. Philadelphia Temple University Press, 1993.The book chronicles blacks trick in American films.

The Importance Of Planning For A Stereo Manufacturer :: essays research papers

The Importance of Planning For A Stereo ManufacturerThere fix been a continuously developing process of recording, prepare &process, and playback equipment during the last century. This has placed themusic in a totally new position in our society.Prior to the 20th century music was only related to special occasions likeconcerts and the high festivals. This has changed. Nowadays we listen to musicwherever we are, in supermarkets, cinemas, radios, prescribed places and even fromsmall pocketsized players. Earlier all music was live, today almost all musicwe listen to are recordings. This in any case states that, the trends in the music perseverance is ever changing. The development of sound-recording technique hasmatured a serious audio industry. It contains of a wide spectre of differentmanufacturers, which often link to each different and to other participants in themusic/audio industry.Sale of records became the modern audio industrys launch. Because all recordplayers around the world were standardised, the sale of records had an enormoustake off. This make it possibilities to earn a good profit in the music/audioindustry, and many different equipment manufacturers arised.The market was, and still is, alive because of the continuing audio developments.Radios, cassette players, CD players, DAT players, minidisk players, etc. giverise to even more sales.In the 1960s the firs stereo system recordings were made. Soon afterwards, theindustry introduced the notion Hi-Fi (high fidelity) just to make score howfar the development had come.When the cassette tape was introduced in the 1960s, many problems were solved.Now it was possible to produce a recorder which could be used when thesurroundings were in bowel movement (i.e. in a car) . Now it was workable to bring thesource of music were ever people wanted. The cassette could also record, and wasextremely easy to use compered to the LP. Also the cassette became standardised.after we got DAT, CD, minidisks, e tc. which all have brought the audio market astep further.The stereo industry of today is noticed by several manufactures that compete inthe same market. Hence that competition is severe and the importance of being infront with design innovation, product consistency, value for money, soundquality and the firms good exit, is of greatest importance.This also means that planning is crucial.Planning is something that is arranged beforehand. Worked out in advance toreach a goal."The ability to determine appropriate objectivesdoing the right thing .The stereo industry consists of two main segments, the home stereo market andthe professional market. Even though many manufacturers operate in both thesemarkets, I will assume that Sonic Wave Ltd.

The Importance Of Planning For A Stereo Manufacturer :: essays research papers

The Importance of Planning For A Stereo ManufacturerThere have been a incessantly developing process of recording, prepare &process, and playback equipment during the last carbon. This has placed themusic in a tot totallyy new position in our society.Prior to the 20th century music was only related to special occasions likeconcerts and the high festivals. This has changed. Nowadays we listen to musicwherever we are, in supermarkets, cinemas, radios, official places and even from footling pocketsized players. Earlier all music was live, today almost all musicwe listen to are recordings. This also states that, the trends in the musicindustry is ever changing. The evolution of sound-recording technique hasmatured a serious audio industry. It contains of a wide spectre of differentmanufacturers, which often link to each other and to other participants in themusic/audio industry.Sale of records became the modern audio industrys launch. Because all recordplayers around the world wer e standardised, the sale of records had an enormoustake off. This made it possibilities to earn a good profit in the music/audioindustry, and many different equipment manufacturers arised.The market was, and still is, alive because of the continuing audio cultivations.Radios, cassette players, CD players, DAT players, minidisk players, and so on giverise to even more sales.In the 1960s the firs stereo recordings were made. Soon afterwards, theindustry introduced the notion Hi-Fi (high fidelity) just to make clear howfar the development had come.When the cassette tape was introduced in the 1960s, many problems were solved.Now it was possible to produce a recorder which could be used when thesurroundings were in motion (i.e. in a car) . Now it was workable to bring thesource of music were ever people wanted. The cassette could also record, and wasextremely easy to use compered to the LP. Also the cassette became standardised.Later we got DAT, CD, minidisks, etc. which all have broug ht the audio market astep further.The stereo industry of today is noticed by several manufactures that compete inthe same market. indeed that competition is severe and the importance of being infront with design innovation, product consistency, value for money, soundquality and the firms goodwill, is of greatest importance.This also means that think is crucial.Planning is something that is arranged beforehand. Worked out in advance toreach a goal."The ability to determine appropriate objectivesdoing the right thing .The stereo industry consists of 2 main segments, the home stereo market andthe professional market. Even though many manufacturers operate in both thesemarkets, I will assume that transonic Wave Ltd.

Malaysian Culture

Malaysian Culture. INTRODUCTION Malaysias has a multi cultural and multi ethnic population consisting of Malays, Chinese, Indians and Bumi shedra of Sarawak and Sabah, in which deal of different religions, countries of origins and race live in a peaceful and harmonious society has influenced its arts and culture. Each of Malays, Chinese, Indians and Bumiputra celebrates different festivities that they hold from their great great grandp bents. BODY 1) First of on the whole, Malays are the largest community in Malaysia. Hari Raya Puasa and Hari Raya hajji are the most significant festivities that they celebrate with families and friends.Hari Raya Puasa, the day of celebration of marking the end of Ramadan (which is a calendar month-long period where fasting takes place from sunrise to sunset) is the biggest number of the Moslem calendar. This is a time when you will see Malay families dressed up in their best traditional outfit like baju kurung and baju Melayu to mark this specia l occasion. alike(p) to the Chinese during Chinese untested Year, the Malays as well have the tradition of giving Angpau but on this occasion it is known as duit raya and is given in commonalty packets.Being a Malay and Muslim in Malaysia, the tradition is that, once a year during the festival of Hari Raya Aidilfitri, they prepare luxurious festive food such as ketupat, beef rendang, lemang, satay and the Raya cookies. Then, Hari Raya Haji is celebrated approximately after 70 days the celebrations of Hari Raya Aidilfitri. The ancient Muslim festival ofHari Raya Haji, also known as the Festival of make that is celebrated over two days by Muslims worldwide. The festival starts off with prayers by male volunteers and the forfeit of sheep, goats and cows to symbolize Phophet Ibrahims readiness to sacrifice his own flesh and blood. ) Next, the second major population is the Chinese people. They celebrate Chinese New Year, Mid-Autumn Festival and Hungry Ghost Festival. The date of t he Chinese New Year is determined by the lunar calendar and it often falls annually in either January or February. Being a major event on the Chinese calendar, the Chinese residents celebrate this occasion in stylish red or gold colours. Spring cleaning for this festive season is essential to most Chinese and it is a common sight to see red pieces of paper with Chinese calligraphy bearing groovy wishes placed onto doors and walls.The distribution of Angpau(red packets containing money) by parents and relatives to unmarried children is a common practice during this festive season. The Mid-Autumn Festival also known as Lantern Festival which falls on the 15th day of the one-eighth Chinese Lunar Calendar. This is a historical festival rather than a religious one. It marks the successful rebellion against the Mongol ruler dated rearwards in 14th century China. Legend has indicated that the secret about a plot against the Mongolians was hidden inside the moon cake and the moon cake was distributed widely. Lanterns were apply at night as signals from higher grounds and hilltop.Today, this festival is celebrated with moon cakes and lantern hanging in the house. The lantern and the moon cakes have attracted many children and adults attention. Next, the seventh month of the lunar calendar is when the hungry ghost festival is celebrated. This event is a traditional Chinese festival celebrated worldwide by Chinese people and it involves the offering of food and burning of offerings for example incense and papier-mache material items such as garment, gold, cars and houses as a form of ancestor worship with the convey of extending filial piety from descendants to their ancestors even after their deaths.These offerings can be seen along roadsides and on open grounds as a means of gentle and respecting the departed. In some areas of Malaysia you may even have the chance watching the Chinese operas which are staged to entertain the wandering spirits. During this festiva l, puppet shows are traditionally held along with live singing performances. 3) Deepavali is one of the significant events celebrated by the Indians. This is a festival when Indian communities are filled with lights, music, scents, arts and performances. Known also as the Festival of lights, it is an occasion of celebration for both Hindus and Sikhs.It marks the beginning of a New Year for certain North Indians, while some gestate that the departed souls of relatives will descend during this time and rows of tiny oil lamps are used to guide them on a journey to the next world. During this festival, new clothes are worn, and vibrant and colourful lights, festive bazaars and cultural activities enliven the streets of the Indian communities across Malaysia. 4) Next, we move on to the Bumiputra. In Sarawak, Gawai Dayakmarks the important date for the Ibans ethnic group and marks the end of the paddy rice harvest season.The Ibans invite their friends, family and people from different et hnic groups to join in the gaiety celebrated in their longhouses. At the beginning of the ceremony, prayer is usually led by the tribal chief as a traditional centering of seeking blessings from the gods, followed by dances performed by men wearing warrior attire. This is followed by the most important part of the ceremony the miring, a ritual performed by the elderly who simultaneously mutter a modulate for peace, safety, protection and a plentiful harvest in the next season. In Sabah, Tadau Kaamatan is a harvesting celebration held by the Kadazandusuns ethnic groups of Sabah.This is a celebration of gracility offered to the rice gods by the farmers. Thus prayers are also held in hope for an ample harvest the following year. They give thanks to the gods and spirits for blessings and a good paddy harvest. Sabah natives wear their traditional costumes and enjoy a carnival-like atmosphere, which is usually stretches from dawn to dawn. Tapai, their homemade rice wine is freely serve d during the festivities. Then, there is the Unduk Ngadau, a traditional beaut contest, in which, the fairest in the land will participate, and a Kaamatan Queen will be selected.This is however no ordinary beauty contest, as it apparently owes its origins to the story or story of the Kadazandusuns genesis and their creator, Kinoingans sacrifice of his only daughter, Huminodun for the love of his people. Besides that, Christmas Day, which is held annually on Dec 25th, Christians celebrate the Nativity, or the kin of Christ. Here in Malaysia, since we live in a multi cultural country with no snow, all Malaysians tend to celebrate this festive seasons visiting friends and families. Shopping malls put up their decorations and lights and Christians put their Christmas trees up one to two weeks before Christmas.As with everywhere, Christmas preparations are done up to the last minute of December 24th. On Christmas Eve, Christians dress up in their new clothes and go to church for midni ght services. Before mass begins they normally have sketches or plays by the children and Christmas carolling. In most Christian homes, it is a tradition to say a short prayer before doing anything else. After the prayers most families have wine and fruit cake to toast Christmas. After this, gifts are exchanged and they snap plenty of photos of the person opening the gifts. Once the excitement has died down they head on to bed.On Christmas day, families have a feast and this is the time when friends of all faiths make their rounds to wish Merry Christmas. Some visitors bring presents and gifts. The children laugh with joy as they receive gifts and money in a modified version of ang-pow from friends and relatives. closure Each ethnic group has its own underlying culture that separates it from the others, and they have achieved different levels of integration. Perhaps the easiest way to begin to understand the highly complex cultural interaction which is Malaysia is to look at the o pen door policy maintained during religious festivals.Although Malaysias different cultural traditions are frequently maintained by patently self-contained ethnic communities, all of Malaysias communities open their doors to members of other cultures during a religious festival, to tourists as well as neighbours. Such inclusiveness is more than just a way to break down cultural barriers and foster understanding. It is a positive celebration of a tradition of tolerance that has for millennia formed the basis of Malaysias progress.

Writing: Dependent Clause and Topic Sentence

contents entries found. PART A INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale for choosing the affair The ongoing process of regional and global consolidation in Vietnam has resulted in an increasing demand for face language teaching across the coun try. Learning English is currently non only an interest only as well as a practical thing for many people. Learning English pith acquire four related skills listening, speaking, reading and paternity. In teaching and learning English as a foreign language in Vietnam, composition has always received a great deal of attention.This is understandable, English is learnt and taught in non-English environment, consequently writing is not only one of the four language skills that students of English need to acquire but also a means of further study. stall (1981) stated that For many students, writing is by far the most great of the four skills in a second language, particularly in English as a second or foreign language (p. 1). Writing in general is one of the most important skills for English learners, and academic writing in particular plays key role in helping learners to master the language.Learners of English language need to know how to import academically through the way they solvent questions, discuss subjects or report explore results. However, academic writing is never ever an easy task because it is the combinations of relation among audience, generator, organization and presentation (according to Swale, 1997). It laughingstock be understood that learners should keep in their mind to discover typical questions who be they going to write for? , what is the purpose of writing? (What are the motion, position and argument? , how is the writing going to be organized and presented? It is also quite important to define academic writing to find which is necessary and sufficient. academician writing normally starts from words, to phrase, clause, judgment of conviction, split up, and then essay. This assignment concentr ates on theory of academic split writing including the definition and structure of a separate, parts of carve up, mistakes ESL often make in writing divide academically. It is tried to find prohibited and to compare typical non-academic and academic words and phrases using in split writing.As teachers of English, we ourselves think that it is essential to do a research on the issuance Academic separate writing. 2. Aims and objectives 2. 1 Aims This assignment concentrates on theory of academic paragraph writing. Findings will be studied to provoke appropriate instructional support to help learners improve their academic writing skill. 2. 2. Objectives To be much specific, the objectives of this study are to investigate the theory towards academic paragraph writing. to find out the common mistakes in academic writing to suggest ways to reduce the difficulties and help learners improve their writing skill by self-aggrandising out example academic words and phrases It is hoped that the findings from this study will be some benefits to teachers and students in universities. 3. Methodology In order to carry out the writing of this paper, we ourselves have based on the deciphering methods. * The combination of diachronic and synchronic approaches * The teachers advice * The book reference In short, it is hoped that the paper will erect an introduction to the ways how to write academic paragraph writing.We are grateful to any comments on the paper. PART B DEVELOPMENT I/ Theory of paragraph 1. Definition of a paragraph It is quite easy for learners to find out what is a paragraph. There are many ways to define this basing on disparate view power points. Followings are some of popular paragraph definitions. A paragraph is a distinct section of a piece of writing, usually dealing with a genius theme and indicated by a new line, indentation, or numbering (Oxford Advanced learner Dictionary) is a class of related reprobates that discuss one main v iew.A paragraph bath be as short as one sentence or as long as ten sentences. The number of sentences is unimportant however, the paragraph should be long enough to pose the main idea clearly. (Writing academic English Alice Oshima and Alice Hogue Longman, third edition) a distinct portion of written or printed matter dealing with a particular idea, usually beginning with an indentation on a new line. It is one of a series of subsections each usually habituated to one idea and each usually marked by the beginning of a new line, indentation, and increases interlinear space. World English dictionary Collins) It can be shortly understood that a paragraph is one part of a text which express one wind up idea. 2. Structure of a paragraph A paragraph normally includes a topic sentence, supporting sentences and a final sentence. The topic sentence states the main idea of the paragraph. It not only names the topic of the paragraph, but it also limits the topic to one specific area that can be discussed completely in the space of a single paragraph. Supporting sentences develop the topic sentence.That is, they develop or prove the topic sentence by giving more in stratumation about it. The concluding sentence signals the give the sack of the paragraph and leaves the reader with important points to remember. Concluding sentence is customary for stand-alone paragraph. However, paragraphs that are parts of a longer piece of writing usually do not concluding sentences. 2. 1. The topic sentence 2. 1. 1. What is topic sentence? Topic sentence is the most important sentence in a paragraph which clearly states the topic and the controlling idea of a paragraph, and briefly indicates what the paragraph is going to discuss.For this reason, the topic sentence is a stabilising guide to both the author and the reader. The writer can see what information to include. The reader can see what the paragraph is going to be about and is therefore better prepared to understand it. 2. 1. 2. Position of topic sentences The topic sentence is usually the first sentence in a paragraph. It can be placed in other locations dep remaindering on writers however, the beginning of the paragraph seems to be the best spot. One of possible location for the topic sentence is at the end. 2. 1. 3. The 2 parts of a topic sentenceAs mentioned above, topic sentence has two essential parts the topic and the controlling idea in which the topic names the subject of the paragraph, the controlling idea limits or controls the topic to a specific area to be discuss in the space of a single paragraph. Here is an example Delicious foods are easy to prepare. TOPICCONTROLLING IDEA Following notices are resideed to somehow help learners write heartfelt topic sentence Firstly, the topic sentence should control or guide the whole paragraph. Topic sentence is good if it meet the readers need about what they expect to read in the paragraph.Secondly, a good topic sentence is not a general fact that everyone accepts as a true thing. An example illustrating this point can be seen through a grownup topic like Libraries have books. The information in this sentence is true however, it is a general fact and is not a good choice for a topic sentence. Thirdly, a good topic sentence should be specific. For example, Coffee is delicious. is not a good topic sentence because the information in the sentence is too general. The reader does not know what to expect in the paragraph.The sentence can be recognize better when it is written in a specific way, such as Black coffee has many benefits for your mentality. However, it is important to know that topic sentence should not be too specific. Finally, a good topic sentence has controlling ideas which guide all the supporting sentences and cede readers general expectation about what they are going to read about throughout the paragraph. 2. 2. Supporting sentences 2. 2. 1. What is a good supporting sentence? Supporting sentences explain or prove the topic sentence. Good supporting entences are related to the topic sentence and its controlling ideas. They give information that supports and explains the topic of the paragraph. They answer questions who? what? when? why? and how? and give details. 2. 2. 2. Kinds of supporting sentences There are several different kinds of supporting sentences going as follows with suitable examples explain People move from village to overlarge cities for economic reasons. describe They live in a nice house surrounded by fields of flowers. give reasons Tom finally drops from school because of bad results. give facts About five percent of the A townsfolks population is immigrant. give examples Sugar cane and banana grow in southwestern Africa. define My mother has a samovar, which is a large cooper tea urn. 2. 3. The concluding sentence 2. 3. 1. What is concluding sentence? Concluding sentence serves two purposes It signals the end of the paragraph. It leaves the re ader with the most important ideas to remember. It can do this in two ways by summarizing the main points of the paragraph, or by repeating the topic sentence in different words.A paragraph does not always need a concluding sentence. For single paragraphs, especially long ones, a concluding sentence is helpful to the reader because it is a reminder of the important points. However, a concluding sentence is not needed for every paragraph in a multi-paragraph essay. 2. 3. 2. What are good concluding sentences? To come up with the idea of a good concluding sentence, it is necessary for writer to think about some questions What is a good concluding sentence? How do the concluding sentences relate to the topic sentence and to the supporting sentences?The concluding sentences job is to bring the paragraph to a crystalline conclusion. The paragraph can be brought to an end with some formal signals Finally, In brief, In conclusion, Indeed, In short, To sum up, All in all, Lastly It can e nd with some structures The evidence suggests that, There can be no doubt that, These examples show that, We can see that 2. 3. 3. Kinds of concluding sentences There are many different types of concluding sentences restatement, suggestion, opinion, prediction. Restate the main idea is one of the easiest ways to write concluding sentence. Writers restate the main idea or summarize the main point of the paragraph. Offer a suggestion, give an opinion, or make a prediction are some of ways to write a concluding sentences, sometimes writers can do a combination of these options. 3. How to write a good paragraph academically? Academic paragraph writing needs good unity and coherence. agreement A paragraph is a group of sentences which relate to the topic and develop the controlling idea.If a sentence does not relate to or develop that idea, it is extraneous of place and should be omitted. A good paragraph must(prenominal) be unified. A paragraph has unity when all of its sentences, including the topic sentence support, and conclusion, relate to the equal main idea. (Cited from Lets write 2 by Dang Ngoc Huong, 2007) It is clear to see that an important element of a good paragraph is unity. Unity means that a paragraph discusses one and only one main idea from beginning to end.The second part of unity is that every supporting sentence must directly explain or prove the main idea. Coherence A paragraph must have unity all its ideas must refer to the topic (as above presented), moreover, another element of a good paragraph is coherence coherence is an important quality of writing all the ideas are presented logically and smoothly so that it is easy for the reader to follow the writers progression of ideas. In other words, a coherent paragraph contains sentences that are logically legitimate and that flow smoothly.In order to achieve coherence of a paragraph, writers can use several ways in writing. (According to Dang Ngoc Huong, Lets write 2, 2007) For coher ence in writing, the sentences must hold together that is, the movement from one sentence to the next must be logical and smooth. There must be no fast jumps. Each sentence should flow smoothly into the next one. There are four ways to achieve coherence 1. Repeat key nouns. 2. Use unvarying pronouns. 3. Use transition signals to link ideas. 4. Arrange ideas in logical order.II/ Findings on academic paragraph writing There are many necessary things to form a good academic writing. English learners sometimes find it difficult to write in English, especially in academic style. It is our try to find out the three common mistakes in paragraph writing run-on sentence, fragment and parallel structure and academic equivalents of words or phrases to be helpful for learners to write academically. 1. Learners common mistakes in paragraph writing As mentioned in the introduction, writing is always a not-easy task with most of English learners.It is due to the need for feature various skills and background knowledge when they do writing. This part is going to show common mistakes that learners often have in academic writing in general, and in paragraph writing in particular. 1. 1. Run-on sentence A run-on sentence is a sentence in which two or more free lance clauses (i. e. , complete sentences) are joined without appropriate punctuation or conjunction. This is one of the most common mistakes appeared in academic writing. Following are suggested approaches to avoid the faulting Use separate sentences.However, this whitethorn disconnect related independent clauses and cause some of the meaning to be lost o It is nearly half then(prenominal) five. We cannot reach town before dark. Use a semicolon. This maintains the connection between the clauses while ensuring a pause between the two ideas o It is nearly half past five we cannot reach town before dark. Use a coordinating conjunction. o It is nearly half past five, so we cannot reach town before dark. 1. 2. Fragmen t Fragment is a sentence which does not contain a subject or a predicate.A sentence fragment fails to be a sentence in the sense that it cannot stand by itself. It does not contain even one independent clause. There are several reasons why a group of words may seem to act like a sentence but not have the wherewithal to make it as a complete thought. It may locate something in time and place with a prepositional phrase or a series of such phrases, but its still absentminded a proper subject-verb relationship within an independent clause It describes something, but there is no subject-verb relationship exemplar In Japan, during the last war and notwithstanding before the armistice.This sentence accomplishes a great deal in terms of placing the reader in time and place, but there is no subject, no verb. Example Working far into the night in an effort to salvage her little boat. This is a verbal phrase that wants to modify something, the real subject of the sentence (about to come up), probably the she who was working so hard. It may have most of the makings of a sentence but still be missing an important part of a verb string Example Some of the students working in Professor Espinozas laboratory last semester. It may even have a subject-verb relationship, but it has been subordinated to another idea by a dependent word and so cannot stand by itself Example Even though he had the better arguments and was by far the more powerful speaker. This sentence fragment has a subject, he, and two verbs, had and was, but it cannot stand by itself because of the dependent word (subordinating conjunction) even though. We need an independent clause to follow up this dependent clause . . . the more powerful speaker, he lost the case because he didnt understand the jury. 1. 3.Parallel structure This principle of parallel construction requires that expressions of confusable content and function should be outwardly similar. The likeness of form enables the reader to recogniz e more readily the likeness of content and function. Unskillful writers often trespass this principle, from a mistaken belief that they should constantly vary the form of their expressions. It is true that in repeating a statement in order to emphasize it writers may need to vary its form. But apart from this, writers should follow carefully the principle of parallel construction. Faulty Parallelism change by reversal Version Formerly, science was taught by the text method, while now the Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method now it is laboratory method is employed. taught by the laboratory method. The left-hand version gives the impression that the writer is undecided or timid he seems unable or afraid to choose one form of expression and hold to it. The right-hand version shows that the writer has at least made his choice and abided by it.By this principle, an article or a preposition applying to all the members of a series must either be utilise only before th e first term or else be repeated before each term. Faulty Parallelism change by reversal Version The French, the Italians, Spanish, and Lusitanian The French, the Italians, the Spanish, and the Portuguese In spring, summer, or in winter In spring, summer, or winter (In spring, in summer, or in winter) Correlative expressions (both, and not, but not only, but also either, or first, second, third and the like) should be followed by the same grammatical construction. Many violations of this rule can be corrected by rearranging the sentence. Faulty Parallelism Corrected Version It was both a long ceremony and very tedious. The ceremony was both long and tedious. A time not for words, but action A ime not for words, but for action Either you must grant his request or incur his ill will. You must either grant his request or incur his ill will. My objections are, first, the injustice of the measure second, that My objections are, first, that the measure is unjust second, that it is unconstitutional. it is unconstitutional. When making comparisons, the things which are compared should be couched in parallel structures whenever that is possible and appropriate. Faulty Parallelism Corrected Version My income is smaller than my wife. My income is smaller than my wifes. 2. Non-academic words and academic equivalents It is necessary for learners to use academic words in academic paragraph writing. Because of limited space and time, our group just suggests example words and phrases in their simple form and academic equivalents as below. Meaning Simple word Academic word Y tu? g / khai ni? m idea Concept / notion D? enough Sufficient / adequate Phuong phap way Approach Thu du? c get obtain K? t qu? result Consequence / outcomes Duy tri / gi? keep retain mua buy Purchase Duy nh? t only Unique / solely C? i thi? n improve enhance B? d? u start commence D? doan predict anticipate T? p trung focus concentrate Cu? i cung final Ultimately / eventually D? g Stop / end / finish Terminate / cease Tri hoan Postpone / delay Suspend R? i b? Quit / give up Abandon Ph? n Part Portion PART C CONCLUSION It is of the importance for English learners to discover definition of a paragraph, paragraph structure (topic sentence, supporting sentences, and concluding sentence) in academic style along with the way of writing paragraph academically. due(p) to limited space, time and the limitation of writers knowledge, this assignment concentrates on theory of paragraph and discovers popular mistakes (run-on sentence, fragment, and parallel structure) which learners normally make in writing paragraph academically.In addition, it is our try to take example and compare words in both non-academic and academic style with the hope that learners have awareness of using correct writing style. REFERENCES 1. Arnaudet, M. L. & Barrett, M. E. (1984). Approaches to Academic Writing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall. 2. Brook, A. & Grunby, P. (1990). Wri ting for study purposes a teachers guide to developing individual writing skills. CUP. 3. Campbell D. Better Sentence-Writing in 30 proceedings a Day. Career Press 4. Doff, A. (1988). Teaching a training course for teachers. Cambridge CUP 5.Fries, C. (1945). Teaching and learning English as a Foreign Language. Ann arbor University of Michigan Press. 6. Hennessy, B. (1994). How to write an essay. Plimbridge House. 7. Henry, J. & Pender, J. (1997). English for academic purposes writing. Toowoomba, Qld USQ Press for the Centre for Language Learning and Teaching 8. Huong, D. N (2007). Lets write HOU 9. Murray, R. (2003). How to write a thesis. Maidenhead, Berkshire Open University Press. 10. White, R. & McGovern, D. (1994). Writing. New York Prentice Hall. 11. Grammar. ccc. commnet. edu/grammar/parallelism. htm

Internal Analysis of Texas Instruments Essay

Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) is a federation based in Dallas, Texas which provides modernistic semiconductor technologies to help the market create the worlds most advanced electronics. Their product ranges from digital communications and entertainment to medical services, automotive systems and varied applications. The company has been using unique technical skills to fundamentally change markets and create entirely new ones.TI success lies on the use of progressively more(prenominal) complex real-time token processing technology with advances ranging from the incremental to the revolutionary to literally and repeatedly change the world. TI was founded in 1930 as a geophysical exploration company that used seismic signal processing technology to search for oil. The name Texas Instruments Incorporated was adopted in 1951. In 1953, Texas Instruments went public by merging with the almost-dormant Intercontinental Rubber Company. The merger brought TI new working capital an d a listing on the New York Stock Exchange and helped can the companys subsequent growth.The introduction of the first commercial silicon transistor made the company entered the semiconductor market in 1954. TI has spotless a series of acquisitions and divestitures since May 1996 designed to reshape the company from a diversified electronics company to a semiconductor company focused on signal processing technologies. TI has acquired 32 companies and sold 17 business units since 1996. Its first acquisition was Tartan and the latest was Luminary Micro, the market-leading supplier of ARM(R) Cortex(TM)-M3-based 32-bit MCUs.These activities continue today as the company acquires firms with specialized capabilities and skills and divests product lines that no longer align with the companys strategic direction or performance goals. Texas Instruments has a broad and mystical product portfolio with 60,000 products having 500 new products per year. TI has systems expertise and technical s upport present in its 137 sales offices and 30 power design centers worldwide. In 2009, the companys revenue reaches $10. 43B. Over the last three years, TI invested $5. 5B on research and development.

Ex Poser Extensive Reading

ENGLISH TEST 8th Grade/level 4 March 2011 aepas 2010/2011 Name __________________________________________ Number _____ Class ____Teacher ______________________ _________________ Reduzido Nao Sat Satisfaz Sat. Bastante Excelente Enc. Ed. _____________________ Enc Ex Poser by Paul Jennings 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 There argon two rich kids in our form. Sandra Morris and Ben play a joke on. They ar both snobs. They think they be too good for the rest of us. Their parents fool big cars and big houses. Both of them are quiet. They keep to themselves. I hypothecate they dont want to mix with the ruffians like me.Ben Fox always brave outs expensive gym shoes and the up-to-the-minute fashions. He thinks he is good-looking with his blue eyes and fairish hair. He is a real poser. Sandra Morris is the same. And she dwells it. Blue eyes and blonde hair too. Skin like silk. Why do some kids get the best of everything? Me, I landed pimples. Ive used everything I female genitals on them. But st unbalanced they bud and grow and burst. Just when you dont want them to. Its not fair. Anyway, today I have the chance to even things up. Boffin is bringing along his latest invention a prevarication detector. Sandra Morris is the victim.She agreed to bear witness it place because everyone knows that she would never tell a lie. What she doesnt know is that Boffin and I are sack to ask her some very embarrassing questions. Boffin is a brain. His inventions always work. He is smarter than the teachers. Everyone knows that. And now he has brought a long his latest effort. A lie detector. He tapes two wires to Sandras arm. It doesnt hurt, he says. But it is deadly accurate. He switches on the machine and a little needle swings into the middle of the dial. Heres a trial question, he says. Are you a girl? Sandra nods. You have to say yes or no, he says. Yes, replies Sandra. The needle swings over to TRUTH. Maybe this thing really works. Boffin gives a big grin. This time te ll a lie. says Boffin. Are you a girl? he asks again. Sandra smiles with that lovely smile of hers. No, she says. A little laugh goes up provided then all the kids in the room gasp. The needle points to LIE. This lie detector is a terrific invention OK, says Boffin. You only have seven questions, David. The batteries go out go flat after another seven questions. He sits down behind his machine and twiddles the knobs.This is going to be fun. I am going to find out a little bit about Sandra Morris and Ben Fox. Its going to be very interesti ng. Very interesting indeed. I ask my first question. Have you ever kissed Ben Fox? Sandra goes red. Ben Fox goes red. I have got them this time. I am sure they have something going between them. I will peril them. No, says Sandra. Everyone cranes their neck to see what the lie detector says. The needle points to TRUTH. This is not what I expected. And I only have six questions left. I cant let her off the hook. I am going to expose them bot h. Have you ever held his hand? Again she says, No. And the needle says TRUTH. I am starting to feel guilty. Why am I doing this? I try another tack. Are you in love? I ask. A red flush starts to crawl up her neck. I am feeling really symbolise now. Fox is blushing like a sunset. Yes, she says. The needle points to TRUTH I shouldnt have let the kids talk me into doing this. I decide to put Sandra and Ben out of their agony. I wont actually name him. Ill spare her that. Is he in this room? I say. She looks at the red Ben Fox. Yes, she says. The needle points to TRUTH. Has he got blue eyes? I ask. No, she says. cook? I say. No, she says again. I dont know what to say next. I look at each kid in the class very carefully. Ben Fox has blue eyes. I was sure that she loved him. This thing doesnt work, I say to Boffin. I cant see one kid who doesnt have either blue eyes or dark-brown eyes. We can says Boffin. They are all looking at me. I can feel my face turning red now. I wish I could disgrace through the floor but I get on with my last question. Is he an idiot? I ask. Sandra is very embarrassed. Yes, she says in a voice that is softer than a whisper. And he has green eyes. I READING-COMPREHENSION A Say if the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Quote from the text to justify your answer. 1. Sandra and Ben Fox are upper class children. __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Sandra and Ben are very talkative and extrovert kids. __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Sandra has skin problems. __________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Boffin bought a lie detector. _________________________________________________________________________________ ? ? ? ? B Match the sentences with the words (write the numbers inside the squares) SENTENCES linguistic communication KEY 1. form (line 1) 1 a) direction 2. ruffia ns (line 3) 2 b) wide smile 3. pimples (line 7) 3 c) sound made by surprised person 4. burst (line 7) 4 d) class 5. grin (line 18) 5 e) convince me 6. Gasp (line 20) 6 f) badly behaved people 7. Tack (line 32) 7 g) explode 8. Talk me into (line 35) 8 h) spots on skin C Read the following statements and find synonymous expressions in the text. 1.David has an opportunity to revenge himself. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The lie detector is extremely ready. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. David wants to humiliate Sandra and Ben in public. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. David is sealed that Sandra and Ben are having an affair. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. David cant make it easy for Sandra. ________________________________________________________________ ____________________ D Give complete answers to these questions on the text. 1. What is Davids opinion about Ben and Sandra? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How does David describe himself? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Do you think David has a high self-esteem? Quote two sentences from the text to justify your answer. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Why did Sandra agree to try the lie detector? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 5. Sandra smiles with that lovely smile of hers (line 20). Comment on this sentence. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. I wish I could sink through the floor (line 45). How was David feeling at this point of the story? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ II LANGUAGE FUNCTION A despatch with FOR or SINCE. 1. ________ two years 2. ________ two weeks 5. ________ one year . ________ last year 3. ________ six months 6. ________ 1999 8. ________ yesterday 4. ________ August B Choose the correct pickax and write the corresponding letter in the blanks. 1) He _____ there when he was a child. 6) I _____ her since last year. a) has lived a) havent seen b) lived b) didnt see 2) They _____ a few minutes ago. 7) She _____ ill since Thursday. a) Left a) Was b) b) have left b) has been 3) I _____ the project last night. 8) _____ to Rome? a) have finished a) Did you ever go b) finished b) Have you ever been 4) I cant get into my house because I _____ my keys. ) It stinks in here someone _____ smoking. a) Lost a) Was b) have lost b) has been 5) I _____ up smoking last year. 10) Ive known her since we _____ at school together. a) Gave a) Were b) have given b) have been C Complete with the PRESENT PERFECT or the SIMPLE PAST. David _____________________ 1(have) pimples sice he was eleven and he _________________________ 2(try) everything he can on them, but they ____________________ 3(not disappear) for three years. In the past, when he ________________ 4(be) younger, his skin _____________________ 5(not have) any pimples and it _____________________ 6(look) like silk.D Look at Barrys plans for the weekend and form s entences about what hes going to do. Use the expressions in the box. *listen to music *play chess *go on a picnic *clean the house *go cycling *cook a meal 1. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________________________ 3. _____________________________________________________________________ 4. _____________________________________________________________________ 5. _____________________________________________________________________ 6. _____________________________________________________________________E Read these sentences and choose the most appropriate answer. 1. Im so excited I my new change on Friday night 2. Poor little thing Look at her face. She . a) am going to wear a) are going to cry b) will wear b) is going to cry c) wont wear c) will cry 3. You should have brought your umbrella. Look at those dark clouds It a) isnt going to rain b) is going to rain c) will rain 4. -Ben is ill. Is he? I him tonight. 5. My cousins their holidays in London. I wish I could go with them a) will spend b) wont spend c) are going to spend 6. Tomorrow we our old friend Michael in town.Were so excited a) arent going to meet b) are going to meet c) will meet 7. I hope Caroline likes Robert Redford. I her to the cinema. a) are going to invite b) am going to invite c) will invite 8. I cant walk home. I a taxi. a) am going to cry b) will call c) wont call a) will take b) wont take c) am going to take F Read the dialogue below and fill in with the correct form of the future . Bryce What ____________________________ (you/do) today? Diana I ___________________________ (clean) my room. Its a mess. Bryce Oh, but we have an exam on Monday. __________________________ (you/not study)?Diana Yeah, I know but I promised my mum. Oh dear, what shall I do? Well, I ______________________ (try) to talk to her. Bryce Wait I ___________________________ (help) you clean your room and then we can stu dy together. What do you say? Diana __________________________________ (you/do) that for me? Bryce Of course What are friends for? Diana Oh thats really nice of you III WRITTEN PRODUCTION Write a short summary of the story Ex Poser. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

Education Key to Success Essay

In the 21st century technology should replace traditional teaching rules in order to stimulate student engagement. As social networking becomes to a greater extent and more famous and teachers have to compete with something they Just dont have the powerful tools to fight them with the fight is Just unfair.With all the modern technology that nows students are surrounded with their attention spans have drastically decreased and with entertainment at the attain of a furtherton away from them it becomes very hard to keep a class of 30 students entertained for an hour and as time passes by this go out gradually last more and more orse. I am personally a very geeky technical person to me com correcters are like real vivification people who talk to you and guide you as long as you ask them right questions.I have started depending so much on computers that whenever I collect help earlier than petition my teacher I look it up on google because it is so much faster and easier to do but that information is not always true. I think the solution to this problem isnt to completely get rid of todays teaching methods or not allow students to use their technical devices at all I think the solution is a medium between these two paths o that the teachers have an easier time teaching and students find it more enjoyable to learn education fabrics.I think todays use of power points in lectures makes it so much more easier for teachers to make their lesson plans and for students to access them later on whenever they need it. But for a couple of years that is where its been stuck it power points get more and more fancier but they arent necessarily fate the students engage into the material that they are learning in class.I think prepare district should have a set amount of money put aside for labs and competitions where students can ruly disc over their talents. I think science classes in game schools are kind of pointless where students never actually get to experienc e how it truly feels like to be a scientist that thrill of having succeeded in performing a lab right is Just a fantasy to them which rather than doing it themselves they watch others do in their science class on the projectors.Parent support is also necessary for these type of activities they are always worried more or less keeping their children safe and not exposing them to dangerous things but the truth of the situation is that the world is unpredictable and hat isnt necessarily good or bighearted but they also have to encourage students as well as teachers to be creative with their work. One of the rising problems the education system is facing today is the low standards set in mathematics classes.Students have such a hard time in math today and rather than pushing themselves to emphasize and work harder students take out the easy way and only fulfill the required math classes that they need to take some even avoid pickings math classes if possible and pursue careers where t hey dont have to do any math at all I am not an in force(p) but Just from personal experience I think math after pre-calculus ust becomes so abstract that I stopped seeing the real sustenance applications of pre- used to love math when I was in elementary and middle school but that all changed once I took pre-calculus what once used to be my best friend was now my sworn enemy I would do anything to avoid doing math homework I understood the concepts that was never the problem but I always knew where it would end everyday me sitting in front of that same smart board everyday seeing the teacher solve problems and asking him every day where in real life I could apply it to use and the answer would always be the same Oh you need this for higher level hysics or Oh you use this in engineering I had grown so bored of these redundant answers that I completely shut myself down in my math class. I knew the math I was learning in class was to be appreciated it was Just ingenious but I never understood its persona in MY life so I never bothered with it. And I am sure that I am not the only one my friends would remonstrate about the amount of math homework they had to do each day and how much they regretted having taken a math class that year but I think it can all be changed if the students were Just given something more tangible to nderstand not some strange concepts that brilliant mathematicians had worked their lives on using proofs and theorems that I cant even begin to pronounce.Another problem in todays education system is the need for results everyone wants higher foot race scores no matter what and scientific research has proven that tests dont necessarily show if you understand the concept or not its Just how good of a test taker you are. This is causing a lot of psychological issues in todays students they are all awfully stressed out right before a major tryout or test and that stress later on leads to medical conditions. I think we need to rethink our ap proach to tests they dont fulfill their social function yet they are valued so much. I think I might have a simple solution for that problem rather than use money on standardized tests schools across the nations should have and end of the year project varying from subject to subject which would actually show how much of the material that they have actually learned and how much of it have they retained.Tests today are Just unfair to most of the kids they are not only timed they are State Standardized so whatever material that your teachers didnt go over is also put in the test it can result in loss of onfidence early on in the test totally ruining the students test scores. Last but not least the final problem I want to address in this essay is the motivation that the students lack which can either be the result of teaching material or teaching method either way resulting in a loss of years and years of education. Students all around the world already know what they want to become t he blink of an eye they get away high school they have been exposed to all the subjects enough but in U.S we barely scrape the top of the iceberg over 80% of college bound students go undecided into college t isnt necessarily bad but they waste years doing something that though they liked in high school but end up changing their major I think students can reach their potential faster if the standards in high school are increased every year or so. The more the students are exposed to different kinds of learning materials the easier it is for them to find what they truly like once they leave high school. it is used that might make it look that way but if technology were to combine with education the results would open up unbelievable opportunities for teachers and students.

Student: Critical Thinking and Sensory Data

Assignment 1 sensory(prenominal) PerceptionsCan you really trust your senses and the interpretation of arresting data to give you an undefiled view of the world? Describe and debate the accuracy and the weaknesses of the human senses as they pertain to thinking in general and to your own thinking in particular.Write a two to tercet (23) page (approximately 500750 word) paper that addresses the following 1. Provide at least tercet (3) reasons for believe in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory randomness. 2. Identify and describe at least three (3) factors add to the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory data. 3. Discuss the roles of nature and nurture with regard to the interpretation and military rank of sensory data. 4. Use at least two (2) quality resources in this assigning. Your textbook may see as hotshot (1) source. At least one (1) of your sources must be obtained from the collection of databases accessible from the Learning Resources Center Web page. The format of the paper is to be as follows1. Typed, double-spaced, Times New Roman instance (size 12), one-inch margins on all sides, APA format. 2. In addition to the two (2) pages assigned, a title page with the title of the assignment, your name, the instructors name, the course title, and the date is to be included, as well as a Reference Page. Sources documented using APA style for in-text citations and listed on the References Page using APA style format. Assignment 1 Sensory Perceptions callable Week 2 and worth 100 pointsCan you really trust your senses and the interpretation of sensory data to give you an accurate view of the world? Describe and discuss the accuracy and the weaknesses of the human senses as they pertain to thinking in general and to your own thinking in particular. Write a 2-3 page paper in which you1. Provide at least three (3) reasons for believing in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information. 2. Identify and describe at least three (3) factors contributing to the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory data. 3. Discuss the roles of nature and nurture with regard to the interpretation and evaluation of sensory data. 2010 Strayer University, All Rights Reserved. This document contains Strayer University underground and Proprietary information and may not be copied, further distributed, or otherwise disclosed in whole or in part, without the expressed indite permission of Strayer University. PHI 210 Student Version 1134 1071 04-11-11 Page 6 of 314. Use at least two (2) quality resources in this assignment. Your textbook may count as one (1) source. At least one (1) of your sources must be obtained from the collection of databases accessible from the Learning Resources Center Web page.Your assignment must Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any surplus instructions. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the students name, the professors name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page argon not included in the required assignment page length.The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are Develop skills for overcoming barriers which limit objective and nut-bearing critical thinking. Create written work utilizing the concepts of critical thinking. Demonstrate adherence to academic integrity policy and APA Style guidelines for academic citations. Use technology and information resources to research issues in critical thinking skills and informal logic.Write clearly and concisely about issues in critical thinking using proper writing mechanics.Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic/organization of the paper, and language and writing skills, using the following rubric. Points 100 Assignment 1 Sensory PerceptionsCriteria Unacceptable Below 60% F Meets Minimu m Expectations 60-69% D Fair 70-79% C Proficient 80-89% B Exemplary 90-100% A1. Provide at least three (3) reasons for believing in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information. Weight 30%Did not submit or incompletely provided at least three (3) reasons for believing in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information. Insufficiently provided at least three (3) reasons for believing in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information. Partially provided at least three (3) reasons for believing in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information. Satisfactorily provided at least three (3) reasons for believing in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information. Thoroughly provided at least three (3) reasons for believing in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information. 2. Identify and describe at least three (3) factors contributing to the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory data. Weight 30%Did not submit or incompletely identified and describe at least three (3) factor s contributing to the accuracy or Insufficiently identified and described at least three (3) factors contributing to the accuracy or Partially identified and described at least three (3) factors contributing to the accuracy or Satisfactorily identified and described at least three (3) factors contributing to the accuracy or Thoroughly identified and described at least three (3) factors contributing to the accuracy or 3.

Angels Demons Chapter 13-15

13Langdon stared in bewilderment at the analyse sooner him. What is this place? disdain the welcome blast of warm air on his face, he stepped through the door with trepidation.Kohler said nothing as he followed Langdon inside.Langdon scanned the room, not having the slightest idea what to incur of it. It contained the most peculiar mix of artifacts he had ever seen. On the far wall, dominating the decor, was an enormous wooden crucifix, which Langdon placed as quadrupletteenth-century Spanish. Above the cruciform, suspended from the ceiling, was a metallic mobile of the orbiting planets. To the left(a) was an oil painting of the Virgin Mary, and beside that was a laminated periodic table of elements. On the side wall, two additional brass cruciforms flanked a poster of Albert Einstein, his famous quote readingGod Does Not Play Dice With the UniverseLangdon moved into the room, looking around in astonishment. A leather-bound rule book sat on Vetras desk beside a plastic Bohr mo del of an atom and a miniature replica of Michelangelos Moses.Talk almost eclectic, Langdon thought. The warmth tangle good, tho something about the decor sent a new set of chills through his body. He felt like he was witnessing the clash of two philosophical titans an unsettling blur of debate forces. He scanned the titles on the bookshelfThe God instalmentThe Tao of PhysicsGod The EvidenceOne of the bookends was etched with a quoteTrue science discovers God postponement behind every door.Pope Pius XIIda Vinci was a Catholic priest, Kohler said.Langdon turned. A priest? I thought you said he was a physicist.He was both. Men of science and religion are not unprecedented in history. Leonardo was one of them. He considered physics Gods natural law. He claimed Gods occurwriting was patent in the natural order all around us. Through science he hoped to prove Gods existence to the doubting masses. He considered himself a theo-physicist.Theo-physicist? Langdon thought it sounded i mpossibly oxymoronic.The field of particle physics, Kohler said, has made some shocking discoveries lately discoveries quite spiritual in implication. Leonardo was obligated for many of them.Langdon studied CERNs director, electrostatic exhausting to process the bizarre surroundings. Spirituality and physics? Langdon had spent his career studying religious history, and if thither was one recurring theme, it was that science and religion had been oil and water system since day one archenemies unmixable.Vetra was on the cutting edge of particle physics, Kohler said. He was starting to fuse science and religion showing that they complement each other in most unanticipated ways. He called the field New Physics. Kohler pulled a book from the shelf and handed it to Langdon.Langdon studied the cover. God, Miracles, and the New Physics by Leonardo Vetra.The field is small, Kohler said, but its bringing fresh answers to some old questions questions about the origin of the universe and the forces that bind us all. Leonardo believed his research had the potential to qualify millions to a much spiritual action. Last year he categorically proved the existence of an energy force that unites us all. He actually present that we are all physically connected that the molecules in your body are intertwined with the molecules in mine that there is a single force moving inwardly all of us.Langdon felt disconcerted. And the power of God shall unite us all. Mr. Vetra actually free-base a way to demonstrate that particles are connected?Conclusive evidence. A recent Scientific American article hailed New Physics as a surer path to God than religion itself.The comment hit home. Langdon suddenly found himself thinking of the antireligious Illuminati. Reluctantly, he forced himself to permit a momentary intellectual foray into the impossible. If the Illuminati were indeed still active, would they tolerate killed Leonardo to stop him from bringing his religious message to th e masses? Langdon shook off the thought. Absurd The Illuminati are ancient history All academics know thatVetra had plenty of enemies in the scientific world, Kohler went on. Many scientific purists despised him. Even here at CERN. They felt that using analytical physics to support religious principles was a treason against science. further arent scientists today a bit less defensive about the church?Kohler grunted in disgust. Why should we be? The church may not be burning scientists at the risk anymore, but if you think theyve released their reign over science, ask yourself why half the schools in your country are not allowed to teach evolution. Ask yourself why the U.S. Christian Coalition is the most influential lobby against scientific progress in the world. The battle between science and religion is still raging, Mr. Langdon. It has moved from the battlefields to the boardrooms, but it is still raging.Langdon realized Kohler was right. Just last week the Harvard School of Div inity had marched on the Biology Building, protesting the genetic engineering taking place in the graduate program. The chairman of the Bio Department, famed ornithologist Richard Aaronian, defended his curriculum by hanging a huge banner from his office window. The banner depicted the Christian fish modified with four little feet a tribute, Aaronian claimed, to the African lungfishes evolution onto dry land. Beneath the fish, instead of the word Jesus, was the proclamation DarwinA sharp beeping sound cut the air, and Langdon looked up. Kohler reached down into the straddle of electronics on his wheelchair. He slipped a beeper out of its holder and read the incoming message.Good. That is Leonardos daughter. Ms. Vetra is arriving at the helipad right now. We will meet her there. I think it beat she not come up here and see her father this way.Langdon agreed. It would be a shock no child deserved.I will ask Ms. Vetra to rationalize the project she and her father have been working on perhaps shedding light on why he was murdered.You think Vetras work is why he was killed?Quite possibly. Leonardo told me he was working on something groundbreaking. That is all he said. He had become very secretive about the project. He had a closed-door lab and demanded seclusion, which I gladly afforded him on account of his brilliance. His work had been consuming huge amounts of electric power lately, but I refrained from questioning him. Kohler rotated toward the study door. There is, however, one more thing you need to know before we leave this flat.Langdon was not sure he wanted to hear it.An item was stolen from Vetra by his murderer.An item?Follow me.The director propelled his wheelchair back into the fog-filled living room. Langdon followed, not knowing what to expect. Kohler maneuvered to within inches of Vetras body and stopped. He ushered Langdon to join him. Reluctantly, Langdon came close, bile rising in his throat at the smell of the victims frozen urine.Look at his face, Kohler said.Look at his face? Langdon frowned. I thought you said something was stolen.Hesitantly, Langdon knelt down. He tried to see Vetras face, but the head was twisted 180 degrees backward, his face pressed into the carpet.Struggling against his handicap Kohler reached down and carefully twisted Vetras frozen head. Cracking loudly, the corpses face rotated into view, wring in agony. Kohler held it there a moment.Sweet Jesus Langdon cried, stumbling back in horror. Vetras face was covered in blood. A single hazel eye stared deadly back at him. The other socket was tattered and empty. They stole his eye?14Langdon stepped out of Building C into the open air, grateful to be outside Vetras flat. The temperateness helped dissolve the image of the empty eye socket emblazoned into his mind.This way, please, Kohler said, veering up a steep path. The electric wheelchair seemed to accelerate effortlessly. Ms. Vetra will be arriving any moment.Langdon hurried to handgrip up.S o, Kohler asked. Do you still doubt the Illuminatis involvement?Langdon had no idea what to think anymore. Vetras religious affiliations were definitely troubling, and yet Langdon could not bring himself to abandon every element of academic evidence he had ever researched. Besides, there was the eyeI still maintain, Langdon said, more forcefully than he intended. that the Illuminati are not responsible for this murder. The deficient eye is proof.What?Random mutilation, Langdon explained, is very un Illuminati. Cult specialists see desultory defacement from inexperienced fringe sects zealots who commit random acts of terrorism but the Illuminati have eternally been more deliberate.Deliberate? Surgically removing someones eyeball is not deliberate?It sends no clear message. It serves no higher purpose.Kohlers wheelchair stopped short at the top of the hill. He turned. Mr. Langdon, believe me, that missing eye does indeed serve a higher purpose a much higher purpose.As the two me n get across the grassy rise, the beating of helicopter blades became audible to the west. A chopper appeared, arching across the open valley toward them. It banked sharply, then slowed to a hover over a helipad painted on the grass.Langdon watched, detached, his mind churning circles like the blades, wondering if a full nights sleep would make his current disorientation any clearer. Somehow, he doubted it.As the skids touched down, a pilot jumped out and started unloading flip. There was a lot of it duffels, vinyl wet bags, scuba tanks, and crates of what appeared to be high-tech diving equipment.Langdon was confused. Is that Ms. Vetras gear? he yelled to Kohler over the roar of the engines.Kohler nodded and yelled back, She was doing biological research in the Balearic Sea.I thought you said she was a physicistShe is. Shes a Bio Entanglement Physicist. She studies the interconnectivity of life systems. Her work ties closely with her fathers work in particle physics. Recently sh e disproved one of Einsteins fundamental theories by using atomically synchronized cameras to observe a school of tuna fish fish.Langdon searched his hosts face for any glint of humor. Einstein and tuna fish? He was starting to wonder if the X-33 space plane had mistakenly dropped him off on the unlawful planet.A moment later, Vittoria Vetra emerged from the fuselage. Robert Langdon realized today was going to be a day of endless surprises. Descending from the chopper in her khaki shorts and exsanguine sleeveless top, Vittoria Vetra looked nothing like the bookish physicist he had expected. Lithe and graceful, she was tall with chestnut skin and long black hair that swirled in the backwind of the rotors. Her face was unco Italian not overly beautiful, but possessing full, earthy features that even at twenty yards seemed to exude a raw sensuality. As the air currents buffeted her body, her garment clung, accentuating her slender torso and small breasts.Ms. Vetra is a woman of t remendous personal strength, Kohler said, seeming to sand Langdons captivation. She spends months at a time working in heartbreaking ecological systems. She is a strict vegetarian and CERNs resident guru of Hatha yoga.Hatha yoga? Langdon mused. The ancient Buddhist art of meditative stretching seemed an odd proficiency for the physicist daughter of a Catholic priest.Langdon watched Vittoria approach. She had plainly been crying, her deep sable eyes filled with emotions Langdon could not place. Still, she moved toward them with fire and command. Her limbs were strong and toned, radiating the healthy luminescence of Mediterranean flesh that had enjoyed long hours in the sun.Vittoria, Kohler said as she approached. My deepest condolences. Its a terrible loss for science for all of us here at CERN.Vittoria nodded gratefully. When she spoke, her voice was smooth a throaty, accented English. Do you know who is responsible yet?Were still working on it.She turned to Langdon, holding out a slender hand. My name is Vittoria Vetra. Youre from Interpol, I assume?Langdon took her hand, momentarily spellbound by the depth of her watery gaze. Robert Langdon. He was unsure what else to say.Mr. Langdon is not with the authorities, Kohler explained. He is a specialist from the U.S. Hes here to help us locate who is responsible for this situation.Vittoria looked uncertain. And the police?Kohler exhaled but said nothing.Where is his body? she demanded.Being attended to.The white lie surprised Langdon.I want to see him, Vittoria said.Vittoria, Kohler urged, your father was brutally murdered. You would be better to remember him as he was.Vittoria began to speak but was interrupted.Hey, Vittoria voices called from the distance. Welcome homeShe turned. A group of scientists passing near the helipad waved happily.Disprove any more of Einsteins theories? one shouted.Another added, Your dad must be proudVittoria gave the men an awkward wave as they passed. Then she turned to Kohler, her face now sunless with confusion. Nobody knows yet?I decided discretion was paramount.You havent told the staff my father was murdered? Her mystified tone was now laced with anger.Kohlers tone hardened instantly. perhaps you forget, Ms. Vetra, as soon as I report your fathers murder, there will be an investigation of CERN. Including a thorough examination of his lab. I have eternally tried to respect your fathers privacy. Your father has told me only two things about your current project. One, that it has the potential to bring CERN millions of francs in licensing contracts in the next decade. And two, that it is not ready for unexclusive disclosure because it is still hazardous technology. Considering these two facts, I would prefer strangers not poke around inside his lab and either steal his work or kill themselves in the process and hold CERN liable. Do I make myself clear?Vittoria stared, saying nothing. Langdon sensed in her a reluctant respect and credenza of Kohlers logic.Before we report anything to the authorities, Kohler said, I need to know what you two were working on. I need you to take us to your lab.The lab is irrelevant, Vittoria said. Nobody knew what my father and I were doing. The experiment could not possibly have anything to do with my fathers murder.Kohler exhaled a raspy, ailing breath. Evidence suggests otherwise.Evidence? What evidence?Langdon was wondering the same thing.Kohler was dabbing his mouth again. Youll just have to trust me.It was clear, from Vittorias smoldering gaze, that she did not.15Langdon strode silently behind Vittoria and Kohler as they moved back into the main atrium where Langdons bizarre visit had begun. Vittorias legs drove in fluid skill like an Olympic diver a potency, Langdon figured, no doubt born from the flexibility and control of yoga. He could hear her breathing slowly and deliberately, as if someways trying to filter her grief.Langdon wanted to say something to her, offer his sympathy. He t oo had once felt the abrupt hollowness of unexpectedly losing a parent. He remembered the funeral mostly, wet and gray. Two days after his twelfth birthday. The house was filled with gray-suited men from the office, men who squeezed his hand too hard when they shook it. They were all mumbling lecture like cardiac and stress. His mother joked through teary eyes that shed always been able to follow the stock market simply by holding her husbands hand his pulse her own private ticker tape.Once, when his father was alive, Langdon had heard his mom begging his father to stop and smell the rose wines. That year, Langdon bought his father a tiny blown-glass rose for Christmas. It was the most beautiful thing Langdon had ever seen the way the sun caught it, throwing a rainbow of colors on the wall. Its lovely, his father had said when he opened it, kissing Robert on the forehead. Lets discern a safe spot for it. Then his father had carefully placed the rose on a high dusty shelf in the darkest corner of the living room. A few days later, Langdon got a stool, retrieved the rose, and took it back to the store. His father never noticed it was gone.The ping of an rhytidectomy pulled Langdon back to the present. Vittoria and Kohler were in see of him, boarding the lift. Langdon hesitated outside the open doors.Is something wrong? Kohler asked, sounding more impatient than concerned.Not at all, Langdon said, forcing himself toward the cramped carriage. He only used elevators when absolutely necessary. He preferred the more open spaces of stairwells.Dr. Vetras lab is subterranean, Kohler said.Wonderful, Langdon thought as he stepped across the cleft, feeling an icy wind churn up from the depths of the shaft. The doors closed, and the car began to descend. half-dozen stories, Kohler said blankly, like an analytical engine.Langdon pictured the darkness of the empty shaft below them. He tried to block it out by staring at the numbered display of changing floors. Oddly, th e elevator showed only two stops. Ground Level and LHC.Whats LHC stand for? Langdon asked, trying not to sound nervous.Large Hadron Collider, Kohler said. A particle catalyst.Particle accelerator? Langdon was vaguely familiar with the term. He had first heard it over dinner with some colleagues at Dunster House in Cambridge. A physicist friend of theirs, chase Brownell, had arrived for dinner one night in a rage.The bastards canceled it Brownell cursed.Canceled what? they all asked.The SSCThe what?The Superconducting Super ColliderSomeone shrugged. I didnt know Harvard was building one.Not Harvard he exclaimed. The U.S. It was going to be the worlds most powerful particle accelerator One of the most important scientific projects of the century Two billion dollars into it and the Senate sacks the project satanic Bible-Belt lobbyistsWhen Brownell finally calmed down, he explained that a particle accelerator was a large, circular tube through which subatomic particles were accelerat ed. Magnets in the tube turned on and off in speedy succession to push particles around and around until they reached tremendous velocities. Fully accelerated particles circled the tube at over 180,000 miles per second.But thats almost the speed of light, one of the professors exclaimed.Damn right, Brownell said. He went on to say that by accelerating two particles in opposite directions around the tube and then colliding them, scientists could shatter the particles into their constituent parts and get a glimpse of natures most fundamental components. Particle accelerators, Brownell declared, are critical to the future of science. Colliding particles is the key to understanding the building blocks of the universe.Harvards Poet in Residence, a quiet man named Charles Pratt, did not look impressed. It sounds to me, he said, like a rather Neanderthal approach to science akin to smashing clocks together to discern their internal workings.Brownell dropped his come apart and stormed out of the room.So CERN has a particle accelerator? Langdon thought, as the elevator dropped. A circular tube for smashing particles. He wondered why they had buried it underground.When the elevator thumped to a stop, Langdon was relieved to feel terra firma beneath his feet. But when the doors slid open, his relief evaporated. Robert Langdon found himself standing once again in a totally alien world.The enactment stretched out indefinitely in both directions, left and right. It was a smooth cement tunnel, wide enough to allow passage of an eighteen wheeler. Brightly lit where they stood, the corridor turned pitch black farther down. A damp wind rustled out of the darkness an unsettling reminder that they were now deep in the earth. Langdon could almost sense the weight of the dirt and stone now hanging above his head. For an instant he was nine years old the darkness forcing him back back to the vanadium hours of crushing blackness that haunted him still. Clenching his fists, he fou ght it off.Vittoria remained hushed as she exited the elevator and strode off without hesitation into the darkness without them. Overhead the flourescents flickered on to light her path. The effect was unsettling, Langdon thought, as if the tunnel were alive anticipating her every move. Langdon and Kohler followed, trailing a distance behind. The lights extinguished automatically behind them.This particle accelerator, Langdon said quietly. Its down this tunnel someplace?Thats it there. Kohler motioned to his left where a polished, chrome tube ran along the tunnels inner wall.Langdon eyed the tube, confused. Thats the accelerator? The device looked nothing like he had imagined. It was perfectly straight, about three feet in diameter, and extended horizontally the visible length of the tunnel before disappearing into the darkness. Looks more like a high-tech sewer, Langdon thought. I thought particle accelerators were circular.This accelerator is a circle, Kohler said. It appears stra ight, but that is an optical illusion. The circumference of this tunnel is so large that the curve is imperceptible like that of the earth.Langdon was flabbergasted. This is a circle? But it must be enormousThe LHC is the largest machine in the world.Langdon did a double take. He remembered the CERN driver saying something about a huge machine buried in the earth. But It is over eight kilometers in diameter and twenty-seven kilometers long.Langdons head whipped around. Twenty-seven kilometers? He stared at the director and then turned and looked into the darkened tunnel before him. This tunnel is twenty-seven kilometers long? Thats thats over sixteen milesKohler nodded. Bored in a perfect circle. It extends all the way into France before curving back here to this spot. Fully accelerated particles will circle the tube more than ten thousand times in a single second before they collide.Langdons legs felt rubbery as he stared down the gaping tunnel. Youre telling me that CERN dug out millions of tons of earth just to smash tiny particles?Kohler shrugged. Sometimes to find truth, one must move mountains.

Physiological Cost of War

The main concern before the Iraq adventure, in the get together States revolved around the almost forgotten veterinarys of the Vietnam struggle who had at one time compose their lives in harms way and were still paying the price and coping with persistent dysfunction. These veterans wellness cargon problems and the provision of befitting re references and services for these aging men were proving to be an irritant of the bygone days, and then the Gulf war came to us or rather we went to it with open arms.The wheel has turned full mobilise once again and today a whole new and young generation of veterans has come to knock back the old veterans before they ar all gone into the pages of history. Perhaps this new problem of new health care fall outs that has been forced on our conscious may as well as make us spare a some thoughts for our older veterans. They are still reeling from the psychological harm done to them ages ago and perhaps this pass on serve as a notice to u s that in all probability, the new generation of veterans get out likewise carry similar scars into their and our futures too.They prolong done their part and we must not forget to do ours, by taking care of them and by not forgetting them as we forgot some of the old ones. Post traumatic tautness Disorder It was Shell Shock in World war 1 and Combat psychoneurosis in World War 11 and now it is posttraumatic stress disorder. Since the evolution of mankind there arrive been battles and wars and disregarding of their outcomes, they permit had all types of long terms effects on mankind and the Ameri deem the sack Psychiatric connectedness pitch last-placely recognized it as Anxiety Disorder and termed it as posttraumatic stress disorder.Let us hope and pray that there are no more future wars and this scourge does not have to be redefined each more and given another fancy name. posttraumatic stress disorder, as we shall call it by its current term is a result of traumas, and usually after an individual goes through and through one it sets in within a fewer months and lasts several years or all the same lifetimes. Usually in wars spends and politeians are often subjected to violence and brutalities during battles and wars enchantment participating in them or even witnessing them and these experiences causes traumas.PTSD however, may also be caused by non- attack incidents of violence and viciousness towards civilians and combatants, with many veterans never having been aggressive yet suffering from pro name feeling of guilt just because of their having been associated with such(prenominal) acts. It has however to be noted that violence in warfare is clearly the reason for triggering PTSD.The symptoms for PTSD can vary like the re-experiencing of traumatic events, such as flashbacks or intrusive thoughts, nightmares, obsessive recollections, dodging symptoms like fear of cosmos with people, signs of hyper arousal like easily being startled or irritated, change magnitude arousal, avoidance of experiences or people who trigger memories of such events, nervousness, over-reaction to sudden noise, difficult in sleeping, cold sweats, nightmares, hindrance in relating emotionally to others, bouts of rage with depressions, depressions, feelings of extreme alie acres and meaningless, isolation from people, in extreme cases thoughts of murder or suicide etc. For these symptoms to develop, it can take anything from a few months to years to reach the stage where it is fully blown up. As soldiers are led to believe that admission of bad feelings are signs of weakness, their superiors usually reject them from try oning professional serve up and thereby making it difficult to identify PTSD timely.To improve the calibre of their lives and their interests, soldiers should take care of themselves as best as they can and not succumb to peer pressure, and seek help from a qualified mental health professional. PTSD can be treated throu gh therapy, medication or a combination of both (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). wellness Care of Veterans The normal responsibility for the provision of health care for veterans is with the Department of Defense (DOD) and the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). The individuals entitled to throw medical care and rehabilitation services are either from the regular military, National Guards or from the reservists, however, their benefits, interference and the services they avail differ in some ways.The designated agencies and institutions that take care specifically of the health problems and disabilities which subject area up during or after having returned from active duty of veterans do not provide their services to the general public. take chances of Veterans A number of studies have reported that serious flaws are existing in the response these veterans are getting from the nation. The collection and reporting of the veterans occupational and environmental health and safe ty (OEHS) is not being degradeed properly and the utilization of data is at times critically wrong in identifying the exposures that had posture the members of the armed services at risk. The correct knowledge of such exposures is vitally all important(p) for proper diagnosis and treatment and veterans at times at risk of negative health effects and even of becoming disabled.Recommendations in this regard have already been made to the Department of Defense and the Department of Veterans Affairs, which have also been largely accepted by them. It is necessary that the Department of Veterans Affairs puts in place procedures to receive the government responsible based on available proof to prove that the veterans were not exposed to alleged(a) toxic of other dangerous substances as claimed by them to be the main causes of their disabilities. These procedures should also include supply to cover for the spouses and children of service personnel who also may have been affected genetic ally or by secondary exposures. Transition ServicesThe transitional factor in veterans term is also an important one because when individuals transit from the Department of Defense to the Department of Veterans Affairs health and rehabilitation facilities, out-of-pocket to the lack of data sharing in the midst of them key information about the seriously injured veterans is found lacking. This obliges the Department of Veterans Affairs to depend on the unreliable data sharing arrangement made between them and the local military treatment facilities. This is a major bonk where veterans are concerned and in grumpy this is harmful to those of them who are disabled and need vocational and other necessary services. These haphazard arrangements and practice also need to be addressed at the highest forums of the country with urgency (Health, 2006). Post-Traumatic Stress DisorderPTSD has become amongst the greatest challenges being faced by the country to meet the required levels of heal th care and rehabilitation for military personnel. PTSD needs to be redefined as a disability because it can prove to be chronic as well as invisible and it can also be occasional. During the chronic stage it can be controlled and not be defined as a disability through coping strategies and in its episodic manifestation stage where a singular or more major life functions is affected, it may be mistreated as being temporary and be limited to the prevalent statutory definition of disability. The initiate of Medicine has been subscribe toing PTSD on an ongoing basis for more than two years.While recognizing that the diagnosis, treatment and medical prognosis of PTSD may in some cases be uncertain, and in all cases will be highly individualized, NCD recommends that Congress conduct further oversight hearings into the VAs understanding of the PTSD problem and into the agencys ability to deal with it effectively, and that all necessary resources be made available to enhance VAs work in this area. (CRS Order Code RL 32961, June 24, 2005) Cost of War to computed axial tomography The direct cost to Connecticut delinquent(p) to the war from the year 2001 till the middle of 2006 has been the following gibe to official sources While failing to give any priority to Connecticuts security concerns, the present administrations war has claimed a heavy toll of 9,604 young and brave Connecticut men and women lives in Iraq.A tremendous strain has been put of the families of 3,655 Reservists and National Guards who were deployed in Afghanistan and Iraq with many of them being called repeatedly to report for duty. The figures for the above two statistics are according to the Department of Defense as on 5/31/06. In Connecticut the administration has failed to ready the ports and borders adequately. The people of Connecticut are collectively trying to transform the war policies around and are military press for the redeployment of the American Forces as quickly as possible. Connecticut is struggling to honor the sacrifices of the 268,947 veterans who have served for the nation and is trying to ensure that their due earned benefits are given to them.Due to the war, 40,100 jobs in the manufacturing industries have been lost and at present 75,000 people are searching for jobs in Connecticut. The annual income per family has dropped to around US$ 274 since the 2000s in Connecticut and the rising be of consumables has reduced the purchase powers of the minimum wage earners to the lowest levels in 50 years. The people of Connecticut also feel that instead of creating jobs that pay well, the administration is providing subsidies of one million millions of dollars in corporate tax income for overseas shipping jobs, while refusing to increase since the last nine years the minimum wage levels. The Connecticut people have to pay $ 3.20 for a gallon of gasoline on average, which is 111% more than what it was in January 2001, so forcing families in Connecticut to bear and additional $2,695,339,147 cost of $2,001 per every two-car family on gasoline in comparing to 2001 as per the figures of the House Government Reform Committee, Dem. Staff, 7/06. Health insurance costs have astutely raised in Connecticut since 2000 by $ 1,009 per family, which is a 66 percent rise, with the number of residents not verify reaching 407,000, which amounts to a 61,000 increase of residents since the year 2000. College costs for the 172,775 Connecticut students have soared as the federal financial aid by GOP has been reduced.Thus, attending a 4 year public college is costing32% more and of a 4 year private college costing 22% more in comparison to the fall of 2000, thus a regular(prenominal) student who borrows for graduation from college is in debt of $ 19,093. Unfortunately for Connecticut students the administration has cut $ 12 billion from the federal student aid programs making it harder for colleges to manage properly. Due to the war, the record ou t of control work out deficits is proving to be heavy taxes for the Connecticut families. It is to be noted here that during the last 5 years, the administration have turned a $ 5. 6 trillion surplus that was projected for 10 years into a record debt, and it borrowed another staggering $ 1 trillion, which is more borrowing than the combined totals of all the past 42 U. S. prexys administration put together.The net economic impact amounts to a debt burden of $ 31,393 per every typical middle-income Connecticut family of four (Official Website of the U. S. House of Representatives). In Connecticut the average outpatient psychiatric care expenses for every veteran comes up to $2,317 a year, which is considerably much more than being spent in other states. (Veterans Health Care) Cost of War in General Due to PSTD While more than 1. 2 million have so far gone for the war effort in Afghanistan and Iraq since 2001, with over a fourth of them having served their twist of duty more than o nce, Yale researchers studies indicate that approximately 196,000 veterans have symptoms of PTSD and its treatment costs $ 274 million, which is almost 13 percent of the total medical budget.Yale researchers expect that with the troops engaged now in two wars the numbers of PTSD cases in veterans will further raise. Furthermore, data collected from recent surveys fold by suggesting that between 10 and 20 percent of the soldiers presently in Iraq meet the criteria by which PTSD is measured. (Yale, n. d. ) harmonise to a report in the Associated Press dated 28th July 2006, every third soldier returning from war will have mental health link problems, which could lead to PTSD. The report continues by mentioning that 3 to 5 percent of the soldiers are diagnosed with severe mental health problems after they leave the combat zones, while a staggering 13 percent soldiers suffer severe mental health issues at the time of being in the combat zones.Mental health issues are also diagnosed wh en soldiers undergo their follow-up screening during the three and six month period, where another 4 to 5 percent are diagnosed with PTSD. However, PTSD symptoms are comparatively higher amongst the soldiers of the National Guard than the regular Army soldiers. In view of the stress related problems in the combat zones, 200 mental health experts have been sent to Iraq to help soldiers through counsellor so as to prevent suicidal tendencies and other mental problems. (Soldiers Return Home with Mental Disorders) According to Congresswoman Rosa L. DeLauro (Conn. -3) m, approximately every sixth soldier returning from the war zone demonstrates PTSD symptoms and she has therefore requested for better mental health services for soldiers and their family members. (DeLauro)Another report in the March 12, 2007 issue of the Achieves of International Medicine suggests that soldiers younger then 25 years seemed more vulnerable to PTSD. (One of Three War Vets Have Mental-Health Problems) The f ighting with an insurgency in Iraqi with unclear enemies and on the front lines have left field soldiers highly vulnerable to PTSD and many are turning to alcoholism and drug abuse and at times they do not get timely treatment or proper counseling. A study by the found that 80% of the soldiers diagnosed with symptoms of PTSD were not referred for further mental-health services or evaluation. Studies have also confirmed that repeated deployment of soldiers increased the risk of PTSD. (Iraq War Vets Face Mental Illness) ConclusionWe will start the coating with the following quote Every gun that is made, every warship launched, every rocket fired, signifies in the final sense a theft from those who hunger and are not fed, those who are cold and are not clothed. President Dwight D. Eisenhower April 16, 1953 War is not just a business for the administration but war is everybodys business as it is concerned directly with the mothers and the families of troops on the battle-fields and i ndirectly with the mothers and families of those who are affected due to the consequences of war. War concerns directly with the young men and women who because of their traumatic experience sometimes turn into the living dead.The clock that ticks the total running cost of the war in Iraq alone at the early hour of 3/16/07 was as at a staggering U. S. Dollars 374,213,602,800. And increasing by the thousand every few seconds and it seemed to be in a rush to overtake the dooms day clock, (Farabaugh, 2006). While history has ceaselessly been littered with exaggerated gross underestimates of war costs and some of their fine examples are Abraham Lincoln had in the first place calculated the civil war to cost $ 250 million and to last 90 days but the civil war had its final price tag of $ 3. 3 billion and it lasted four years. The First World War was to be a short and inexpensive one as per forecasts and the Vietnam War cost 90% more than its forecast.The 1991 Persian Gulf or rather th e Kuwait War ended up costing $ 76 billion in war costs directly but for a change these were paid for by the U. S. allies, however, it did cost a relatively lower number of 148 combat deaths. A decade later(prenominal) the taxpayers of the United States are still absorbing billions of dollars towards the cost of providing treatment for the injuries and disabilities of the veterans of that particular war, where one third of the 1990/1991 Gulf War veterans numbering 206,000 have filed for disabilities claims out of which 159,000 have been approved. If this postwar casualty rate is considered extraordinary, then God help us all with the postwar casualty rate of our present war.The former economic advisor to the livid House, Lawrence Lindsey had suggested that the intervention in Iraq could cost the United States about 2% of its Gross Domestic Product or roughly put $200 billion. His estimates were rapidly dismissed by the White House and in a few months later he was dismissed from hi s position. Approximately a year and a half later his prediction began proved to be wrong and a gross underestimation of the Iraq intervention. The U. S. taxpayers up to now have committed approximately $180 billions for the buildup to the war for overthrowing Saddam Husseins regime and for the occupation and construct process in Iraq, and this is not inclusive of the special aid and trade deals cost for buying allies.And the biggest source of underestimation that the war would be a cakewalk has been proven wrong. (Hartung, 2004) References DeLauro, Calls for Mental Health Services for travel Soldiers http//www. house. gov/delauro/press/2005/April/vet_mh_04_11_05. html 16 March, 2007 Health, 2006, Chapter 4, National Council of Disability, Chapter 4 http//www. ncd. gov/ intelligence activityroom/publications/2006/progress_report. htmchapter_four Accessed 16 March, 2007 Iraq War Vets Face Mental Illness, Addictions http//www. jointogether. org/news/headlines/inthenews/2006/iraq-war -vets-face-mental. html 16 March, 2007 Kane Farabaugh, 2006, Iraq War at Heart of Connecticut Senate Race http//www. voanews. com/english/archive/2006-10/2006-10-13-voa40. cfm?CFID=48428407&CFTOKEN=31645168 Accessed 16 March, 2007 Official Website of the U. S. House of Representatives http//www. house. gov/delauro/NewDirection/NewDirection_Connecticut. html Accessed 16 March, 2007 One of Three War Vets Have Mental-Health Problems, March 12, 2007 issue of the Archives of International Medicine http//www. jointogether. org/news/research/summaries/2007/one-of-three-war-vets-have. html 16 March, 2007 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD Fact Sheet http//www. ivaw. org/ptsdfactsheet Accessed 16 March, 2007 Soldiers Return Home with Mental Disorders http//www. jointogether. org/news/headlines/inthenews/2005/soldiers-return- habitation-with. html Accessed 16 March, 2007Steve Robinson, Executive Director of the National Gulf War Resource Center, a veterans protagonism organization in Silver Spring, Md. Accessed 16 March, 2007 The war in Iraq cost the United States http//www. venusproject. com/ecs/Cost_of_War_files/Cost_of_War. html Accessed 16 March, 2007 Veterans Health Care Issues in the 109th Congress (CRS Order Code RL 32961, June 24, 2005) Veterans Health Care http//ptsdcombat. blogspot. com/2007/03/war-list-oefoif-statistics. html Accessed 16 March, 2007 William D. Hartung, 2004, Iraq and the Costs of War, FPIF Policy Report http//www. fpif. org/papers/2004cost. html Accessed 16 March, 2007 Yale, VA supporting troops on the home front http//www. medicineatyale. org/v2i1_january2006/ptsd. html Accessed 16 March, 2007